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- <text id=91TT1673>
- <title>
- July 29, 1991: AIDS From Your Dentist?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- July 29, 1991 The World's Sleaziest Bank
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 50
- Should You Worry About Getting AIDS From Your Dentist?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Probably not, but the government is moving to protect patients
- and restore their trust in the medical community. Even so, it
- pays to be prudent.
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman--With reporting by Barbara Dolan/Chicago
- and Anne E. West/Washington
- </p>
- <p> Mary Lynne Desmond thought she had found the perfect
- dentist. Philip Feldman, a graduate of the School of Dental
- Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, had an engaging manner
- and seemed meticulous. Soon Desmond, a fourth-grade teacher who
- lives in Coram, N.Y., and her two children, husband, sister and
- brother-in-law all became Feldman's patients. "But in the last
- five or six years, he changed," Desmond recalls. "He did three
- shoddy root canals on me and even left a drill bit in one
- tooth." Now she has a lot more than a few botched operations to
- worry about. Last week state health authorities confirmed that
- they are trying to determine whether Feldman, 45, who died of
- pneumonia in June, had unwittingly infected any patients with
- the AIDS virus.
- </p>
- <p> Chances are that Desmond will not test positive. In the
- past decade, out of the nearly 200,000 people who have
- developed AIDS in the U.S., only five are known to have been
- infected by a health-care worker. And epidemiologists quickly
- point out that all five cases can be traced to the same Florida
- dentist, David Acer. But the fact remains that it did happen,
- despite the odds and with devastating results. Already one of
- Acer's patients, Kimberly Bergalis, is near death; her plight
- and her understandable fury have moved millions to feel insecure
- when they go for teeth cleaning or an annual physical exam.
- Nearly 6,800 health-care workers in the U.S. are known to have
- AIDS--including 170 dentists and dental hygienists, 730
- physicians and more than 1,450 nurses. Should they tell
- patients? Should they get out of medicine altogether?
- </p>
- <p> In response to public concern, the Centers for Disease
- Control in Atlanta last week restated the strict standards of
- infection control that it began developing in 1982 and that it
- believes should eliminate any opportunity for doctor-to-patient
- transmission. But for the first time, the federal agency also
- urged dentists, doctors and nurses who perform invasive
- procedures such as surgery to get tested for HIV, the AIDS
- virus. If they are HIV-positive, said the CDC, they should stop
- doing operations unless they reveal their condition to patients.
- </p>
- <p> Soon after that policy was announced, the U.S. Senate
- moved aggressively beyond the CDC and passed two measures to
- make the agency's recommendations, including disclosure,
- mandatory. Under one proposal, sponsored by Senator Jesse Helms
- of North Carolina, physicians could receive prison terms of 10
- years and fines of up to $10,000 if they refused to reveal their
- HIV infection before an operation--whether or not they passed
- on the virus to their patients. The second bill, backed by
- Senators Robert Dole of Kansas and Orrin Hatch of Utah,
- threatens any state that does not implement the CDC guidelines
- over the next year with loss of its federal public-health
- funding. Congressional leaders expect the Dole-Hatch proposal
- to attract greater support from the House of Representatives.
- </p>
- <p> Not content to wait for federal action, the Illinois
- legislature overwhelmingly passed a new law last week that would
- authorize the state's health department to notify patients when
- their medical-care providers are diagnosed with AIDS. The bill
- was prompted by the revelation that the only dentist in the
- town of Nokomis, Ill. (pop. 2,700), died of AIDS last October;
- his patients were not notified until early this month, after a
- state legislator threatened to make the circumstances of the
- dentist's death public.
- </p>
- <p> Is the rush to legislate a case of hysterical
- overreaction? Nothing has happened to make researchers change
- their minds on how the AIDS virus is spread. Almost all
- infections occur in the expected ways: people share contaminated
- needles or have unprotected sex with an HIV-positive partner.
- "The risk of getting AIDS from your doctor is lower than the
- risk of dying in a car crash on the way to the hospital," says
- Dr. James Mason, Assistant Secretary for Health at the
- Department of Health and Human Services.
- </p>
- <p> In fact, medical workers are more vulnerable to being
- infected by patients than vice versa. The CDC has documented 40
- such cases--most of them involving accidents with hypodermic
- needles that contained contaminated blood. "Because there is
- mass hysteria, and because this is a fatal disease, and because
- people don't know very much about this, people's common-sense
- reaction, including Senators', is to act first and think later,"
- says Geri Palast, a lobbyist for the Service Employees
- International Union, which represents 350,000 health-care
- workers.
- </p>
- <p> The evidence strongly suggests that good sterilization
- procedures will prevent doctors from endangering patients. Last
- year, after one of the surgeons at Johns Hopkins Hospital died
- of AIDS, officials at the medical center in Baltimore informed
- 1,800 people on whom he had operated that they may have been
- exposed to the virus. So far, none of them have tested positive,
- and all the lawsuits filed against his estate have been
- dismissed. Delaware health officials have offered free HIV tests
- to more than 1,200 patients of a Wilmington dentist who died of
- AIDS in March. Of the 600 who have taken the state up on its
- offer, none have tested positive.
- </p>
- <p> The guiding principle of standard infection control is to
- act as if everyone and everything is infected with something--whether it be Staphylococcus bacteria, tetanus toxins or the
- AIDS virus. That is why instruments should be sterilized in an
- autoclave, physicians should change gloves or wash hands between
- patients, and disposable swabs, syringes and other items should
- not be reused. Although the CDC's disease detectives are still
- not sure what went wrong in Acer's office, they are zeroing in
- on just such a breach in infection control.
- </p>
- <p> The danger is not from the doctor but from slipshod
- practices, says Jack Rosenberg, a Manhattan dentist and founder
- of a gay and lesbian dental guild. "Asking your dentist whether
- or not he is gay is not going to protect you," Rosenberg says.
- "Instead, you should ask, `Do you sterilize your instruments?
- Do you follow standard infection control?' Those are the
- questions that will protect you." Rosenberg caused a ruckus last
- week when he publicly declared that he knew several dentists who
- are HIV-positive and that he advises them not to tell their
- patients.
- </p>
- <p> Knowing the HIV status of a surgeon or dentist should not
- necessarily reassure a patient. "These are people who are
- exposed to patients every day," says Dr. Michael Callahan,
- chairman of an AIDS task force for the American College of
- Emergency Physicians. Yet it can take a person six months after
- infection to make enough antibodies against HIV to test
- positive. Says Callahan: "If I got tested yesterday and was
- negative, I might get exposed to HIV tomorrow." In addition, the
- danger of bad sterilization practices is that the virus passes
- from one patient to the next, rather than from the doctor.
- </p>
- <p> Instead of becoming enemies, doctors and patients need to
- communicate better about the risk and fear of AIDS. Dr. Nancy
- Dickey, a Richmond, Texas, family practitioner and a trustee of
- the American Medical Association, says patients should not
- hesitate to voice concern if, for example, they see blood on
- their doctor's hands, even if the physician says, "Don't worry
- about it." They also have a right to ask exactly how each piece
- of equipment has been sterilized. As the AIDS epidemic enters
- its second decade, professionals and private citizens alike
- should choose a path of reasoned caution, rather than dismissive
- bravado or irrational hysteria.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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